Combating Financial Crime: Fraud and Market Abuse

Study fraud and market abuse for CISI Combating Financial Crime, with a UK-specific reading frame built around the official chapter structure and exam weighting.

This chapter combines two areas that both depend heavily on dishonesty, information misuse, or unfair dealing. The exam expects candidates to distinguish fraud concepts from market-abuse behaviour while recognising that both can damage customers, markets, firms, and control frameworks. The strongest answers identify the core conduct first and then connect it to the right legal or surveillance response.

Chapter snapshot

CheckWhat matters
Official topic weighting4%
Core distinction under pressureseparate dishonesty against a victim from abuse of market integrity or inside information, and then select the right control response.
Strongest use of this pageuse it to stop fraud and market-abuse questions collapsing into one general “bad conduct” answer
UK noteKeep the UK frame active: Fraud Act 2006, insider dealing, market-abuse controls, surveillance, FCA market-integrity expectations, and GBP when a monetary example helps.

What this chapter is really testing

The paper usually tests whether you can identify what is being abused. Fraud normally centres on deception, false representation, abuse of position, or dishonest gain or loss. Market abuse normally centres on misuse of inside information, manipulation, or conduct that undermines fair and orderly markets.

It also tests whether you understand that firms need prevention and detection systems. Surveillance, escalation, staff training, control of inside information, and challenge around unusual behaviour all matter.

Section map

SectionMain exam angle
Fraud concepts and the UK Fraud Act 2006If the stem is about deception or dishonest gain, Fraud Act thinking is likely central
Types of fraudIf several fraud patterns look similar, classify the core mechanism of the dishonest conduct
Market abuse and insider dealingIf the problem is information misuse or manipulative trading behaviour, switch into market-integrity logic
Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002If governance and anti-fraud corporate-control comparisons appear, keep the comparison broad and cross-border

Section-by-section lesson

Fraud concepts and the UK Fraud Act 2006

Fraud questions normally revolve around deception, dishonest intent, or abuse of position. The exam may use customer transactions, internal misconduct, false statements, or document manipulation to test whether the candidate can spot the dishonest mechanism.

The strongest answer usually starts by asking who is being misled, how the gain or loss arises, and what internal control should have challenged the conduct earlier.

Types of fraud

The syllabus expects broad familiarity with different fraud patterns rather than forensic detail. Identity misuse, mandate fraud, internal fraud, false invoices, diversion of funds, misrepresentation, and abuse of systems are all common examples.

A practical answer usually identifies the fraud type and then moves to the preventive or detective control, such as segregation, verification, call-back procedures, transaction monitoring, or escalation.

Market abuse and insider dealing

Market abuse questions are about fair dealing, proper use of information, and protection of market integrity. If a person uses non-public price-sensitive information or manipulates transactions or prices, the correct lens is no longer general fraud but market-abuse control.

The paper often rewards candidates who distinguish suspicious trading from proven inside dealing. Firms still need surveillance, restricted lists, wall-crossing discipline, and escalation even before definitive proof is available.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002

The exam uses Sarbanes-Oxley for high-level comparison around governance and anti-fraud corporate controls. The candidate does not need to turn the answer into a US law seminar. The point is to recognise that control expectations can have cross-border relevance in listed or international environments.

Best study order inside this chapter

  1. Fraud concepts and the UK Fraud Act 2006: Start with dishonesty and victim-loss logic.
  2. Types of fraud: Then secure the main practical fraud patterns.
  3. Market abuse and insider dealing: Add market-integrity and inside-information discipline.
  4. Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002: Finish with the broad governance comparison.

What stronger answers usually do

  • identify whether the core issue is deception, insider information, or manipulation
  • connect suspicious conduct to a specific surveillance or control response
  • avoid treating suspicion as identical to proven criminal liability
  • distinguish market-integrity controls from ordinary anti-fraud process controls

Sample Exam Question

An employee learns non-public information about an impending takeover and tells a relative, who buys shares before the announcement. Which is the strongest starting classification?

  • A. Ordinary operational error
  • B. Market-abuse and insider-dealing concern
  • C. Tax evasion only
  • D. Bribery only because information was shared

Answer: B.

The use of non-public price-sensitive information for trading points directly toward insider-dealing and market-abuse concerns rather than general operational error or unrelated crime categories.

Common traps

  • answering a market-abuse question as if it were just generic dishonesty
  • assuming no issue exists until criminal proof is complete
  • ignoring the control role of surveillance and information barriers
  • treating every unusual trade as automatically proven insider dealing

Key takeaways

  • Fraud and market abuse overlap in harm but differ in legal and control focus.
  • The best answer usually identifies the misconduct type before choosing the response.
  • Surveillance, escalation, and control over inside information are central in market-abuse questions.
Revised on Thursday, April 23, 2026