Your browser does not support JavaScript.
Securities Mastery
CTRL
K
Securities Mastery
Start Here
Exam Guides
CIRO Guides
CSI Guides
FP Canada Guides
LLQP Guides
RIBO Guides
FINRA Guides
NASAA Guides
MSRB Guides
NFA Guides
CISI Guides
Study Library
Introduction to Securities
Foundations of Investing
Stock Market Investing
Financial Instruments
Fixed Income Analysis
Securities Prep
Overview
CIRO Practice Pages
CSI Practice Pages
FP Canada Practice Pages
LLQP Practice Pages
RIBO Practice Pages
FINRA Practice Pages
NASAA Practice Pages
Municipal Practice Pages
Subscriber Login
GitHub
GitHub
RSS
X
Twitter
Theme
Auto
Dark
Light
Browse FINRA SIE & Series Exam Guides
SIE Basics
Why the SIE Matters
Exam Structure
Eligibility and Registration
Format and Scoring
Study Strategies
Test-Taking Tips
Capital Markets
Regulators and Participants
SEC
Self-Regulatory Organizations
State Regulators and NASAA
Federal Reserve and Other Regulators
Market Participants
Market Structure
Primary Markets
Secondary Markets
Third and Fourth Markets
Electronic Trading Platforms
Offerings
Public Offerings
Private Placements
IPOs
Secondary Offerings
Shelf Registrations
Economic Factors
Monetary and Fiscal Policy
Business Cycles and Indicators
Interest Rates and Inflation
Currency Exchange Rates
Global Economic Events
Products and Risks
Equity Securities
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Rights and Warrants
ADRs
Debt Securities
Corporate Bonds
U.S. Government Securities
Municipal Bonds
Agency Securities
Money Market Instruments
Packaged Products
Mutual Funds
ETFs
Closed-End Funds
UITs
REITs
Options
Options Basics
Options Strategies
Annuities and Insurance
Fixed Annuities
Variable Annuities
Life Insurance Policies
Alternative Investments
Hedge Funds
Private Equity and Venture Capital
Direct Participation Programs
Commodities and Futures
Crypto and Digital Assets
Other Products
Structured Products
ETNs
Asset-Backed Securities
Investment Risks
Market Risk
Credit Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Inflation Risk
Liquidity Risk
Currency Risk
Political and Legislative Risk
Reinvestment Risk
Prepayment and Extension Risk
Concentration Risk
Trading, Accounts, and Compliance
Trading Securities
Order Types
Execution and Reporting
Confirmation and Settlement
Short Sales and Reg SHO
Customer Accounts
Account Types
New Account Docs
Suitability
Customer Identification Program
Margin Accounts
Retirement Accounts
Custodial Accounts
Discretionary and Fiduciary
Communications and Disclosures
Public Communications
Advertising and Sales Literature
Electronic Communications
Disclosure Requirements
Prohibited Activities
Insider Trading
Market Manipulation
Fraudulent Activities
Unauthorized Transactions
Selling Away and Outside Business
Churning and Excessive Trading
Borrowing and Lending
Sharing and Guarantees
AML Compliance
Bank Secrecy Act
PATRIOT Act
Suspicious Activity Reporting
Currency Transaction Reporting
Privacy and Confidentiality
Regulation S-P
Identity Theft and Red Flags
Regulation and Compliance
Securities Laws
Securities Act of 1933
Exchange Act of 1934
Investment Company Act
Investment Advisers Act
SIPA
Insider Trading Enforcement Acts
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Dodd-Frank Act
SROs
FINRA Rules and Bylaws
MSRB Rules
SRO Roles
Registration and Licensing
Associated Person Registration
Form U4 and U5
Continuing Education
Conduct and Reportable Events
Statutory Disqualification
Outside Business Activities
Political Contributions and Pay-to-Play
Gifts and Non-Cash Compensation
Complaint Handling and Reporting
Customer Protection and Ethics
Regulation Best Interest
Suitability and KYC
Fiduciary Duty and Best Execution
Senior Investor Protections
Recordkeeping and Reporting
Books and Records
Regulatory Filings and Notifications
Business Continuity Plans
Cybersecurity and Data Protection
Economics and Business Info
Macroeconomics
GDP
Inflation and Deflation
Unemployment Rates
Business Cycle Phases
Monetary and Fiscal Policy
Federal Reserve Tools
Government Spending and Taxation
Policy Impact
International Factors
Balance of Trade and Payments
Exchange Rates and Currency Valuation
Globalization and Emerging Markets
Financial Statements
Income Statements
Balance Sheets
Cash Flow Statements
Financial Ratios and Metrics
Market Analysis
Fundamental Analysis
Technical Analysis
Efficient Market Hypothesis
Diversification and Asset Allocation
Exam Preparation
Study Plan
Assessing Knowledge Gaps
Setting Study Goals
Time Management
Study Techniques
Active Reading and Note-Taking
Practice Questions and Mock Exams
Memory Aids and Mnemonics
Study Groups and Resources
Test-Taking Strategies
Understanding Exam Format
Managing Time During the Exam
Question Types
Reviewing Answers and Avoiding Errors
Exam Day Preparation
What to Expect on Exam Day
Exam Center Rules and Procedures
Managing Stress and Focus
After the Exam
Interpreting Exam Results
Registration with FINRA Member Firms
Additional Licensing Exams
Continuing Education and Career Growth
Appendices
Glossary
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Major Securities Laws
Sample Forms and Documents
Practice Questions and Answers
Additional Resources and Reading
Agency Contact Information
Study Plan
Cheat Sheet
FAQ
Resources
Home
FINRA
SIE
Economics and Business Info
International Factors
International Economic Factors
Review trade, currencies, globalization, and emerging-market effects on investments.
In this section
Balance of Trade and Payments
Study trade balances, payment flows, and what they signal about an economy.
Exchange Rates and Currency Valuation
Review currency valuation and how exchange-rate changes affect markets.
Globalization and Emerging Markets
Understand how globalization and emerging markets influence securities markets.
Revised on Thursday, April 23, 2026
Monetary and Fiscal Policy
Financial Statements